Investigation on Colorimetric and Fluorescent Methods for Visual Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide Explosive

KeyWord:explosive  hydrogen peroxide  colorimetric  fluorescent method  visual detection

Abstract:

      Improvised explosives related to terrorism have seriously threatened the homeland security and social stability as their devices could be easily constructed using readily available£¬low-cost£¬and legally purchased ingredients£¬which make them an ideal alternative option to heavily regulated military explosives£®As one of the most popular improvised explosives£¬peroxide-based explosives£¨PBEs£© are frequently used in terrorist incidents according to the reports of world media£®As a result£¬the detection of PBEs is of great urgency for reducing or potentially stemming explosive-related terrorist attacks£®Hydrogen peroxide£¬as precursor and degradation product£¬is an inevitable part of PBEs£¬which is a representative object and usually selected as target analyte when detecting PBEs£®Thus£¬lots of methods have been developed for the detection of hydrogen peroxide£¬including mass spectrometry£¬chromatography£¬electrochemical£¬and chemiluminescence£¬etc£®Among various types of detection methods£¬colorimetric and fluorescent detection methods hold considerable promise due to their potential for high sensitivity£¬excellent specificity£¬portability£¬and ease of on-site visual detection£®This paper reviewed not only the developing trend of visually detecting hydrogen peroxide in the field of improvised explosive detection£¬but also how the design strategy can be realized with different detection modes by regulating probe structures and exploring new reaction mechanisms£®Nowadays£¬although excellent sensitivity has been achieved by the ingenuity and artistry inherent to fluorescence turn-on mode via designing diverse fluorescent probes£¬the anti-interference of visual detection for on-site detection still remains a significant challenge£®Recently£¬a new generation of visual detection method with complementary advantages by combining fluorescent reaction with colorimetric reaction£¬known as dual-mode detection£¬has emerged with a fundamentally improvement of anti-interference and opened the door to new development£®Due to the necessarily limited scope of this review£¬we are only able to introduce some of the representative contributions that have general or potential applicability in the field of explosive detection£®Notably£¬to avoid repetition with other reviews discussed specifically in the biological field£¬this review does not discuss the method based on peroxidase for colorimetric or fluorescent detection of hydrogen peroxide£®Diverse methodologies have been summarized for colorimetric or fluorescent detection of hydrogen peroxide£¬but this review would be rather regarded as an opening remark than draw conclusions since future development of scientific research is filled with uncertainty£®It is hoped that this review will not only assist researchers in designing their own experiments£¬but also provide all the necessary insights for visually detecting peroxide explosives£®